Welcome To The 4E Publications Area
Improving the Mp metric for evaluation of Flicker
TLM (temporal light modulation) related measurements and calculations have become a focus with new regulations by European Commission and other regulatory authorities setting limits for TLA (temporal
Understanding LED performance: Evidence-based approaches to supporting stakeholders of energy-efficient lighting programmes
The SSL Annex takes an evidence-based approach to evaluating LED product performance. Using comprehensive market data from product registries and other sources, the Annex developed recommendations on
EPE Paper – Reliability of WBG, results of a Pre-Scoping Study
This report contains the outcome of this first study on the reliability of Wide Band Gap (WBG) components and WBG-based applications. By summarizing key findings, it leads to an outlook and discusses the next steps.
EPE Paper – Policy measures to drive WBG for end use equipment
This paper discusses different potential policy measures to support the WBG uptake in end use equipment. The EU product regulations and specifically the potential PV inverter efficiency requirements, are discussed, serving as an example.
EPE Paper – Energy saving potential of WBG-commercial power converters in different applications
This work estimates the yearly global energy savings potential of different power electronics applications featuring commercial wide bandgap (WBG)-based power converters. It is the first study analyzing real products in the market.
EPE Paper – Identifying the potential of SiC technology for PV inverters
Silicon Carbide (SiC) devices offer energy efficiency improvements over conventional silicon (Si) semiconductors. Through measurements and simulation results, this paper intends to quantify this efficiency improvement in a typical photovoltaic (PV) application. This allows designers and policy makers to better understand the benefits of SiC, enabling more informed decisions.
EPE Paper – Switching losses in power devices: From dynamic on resistance to output capacitance hysteresis
In this paper, we review some of the main methods to characterize on-state and off-state losses in wide-band-gap devices under switching conditions.
EPE Paper – Measurement of WBG-based power supplies
This paper discusses different measurement methods to evaluate the efficiency of WBG-based power supply solutions, including electrical measurement methods and their verification with calorimetric methods, and compares the performance of Si-based and GaN-based chargers.
EPE Paper – Looking beyond energy efficiency – Environmental aspects and impacts of WBG devices and applications over their life cycle
The environmental aspects and impacts of wide bandgap (WBG) materials such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) in specific end-use electronic applications and products have not yet been fully investigated. The design trade-offs and comparison of WBG with classic Silicon based technology for the same applications, with a life cycle thinking perspective, are only starting to emerge.
EPE Paper – Application Readiness Map for WBG-Semiconductor-Based Applications
The Power Electronic Conversion Technology Annex (PECTA) application readiness map for Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors describes their expected market position up to 2035. It is based on interviews with many experts and different roadmaps and could be used as one basis to decide which power semiconductor technology to choose. This paper presents an updated version and the underlying assumptions.
Policy Brief – Round Robin for Variable Speed Drives
This Policy Brief summarises the key findings of the international Round Robin for Variable Speed Drives.
Design Aspects and Environmental Impacts of Wide Band Gap Based Semiconductor Technology in Chargers for Electronic Devices
This paper presents the outcomes of the work from PECTA Task B, Energy and environmental related Life Cycle Assessment, conducted between January 2022 and February 2023. See
Policy Brief – Emerging Battery Technologies
Summarises the EDNA report which examined battery technologies for consumer electronics. Considers performance, environmental impacts, cost and market readiness.
Detailed Characterisation for Smart Dynamic Lighting
Smart lighting is gaining ground with increased speed driven by market demands for enhanced comfort, greater energy efficiency and simulating the the natural rhythm of daylight. But
Policy Brief – Coordination between IEC and ISO standards for efficient electric motor driven systems
This policy brief explains the significance of an ISO (International Organisation for Standardization) / IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) Joint Advisory Group (JAG 22) established in October 2021.
2022 4E Annual Report
Read the 2022 Annual Report for the IEA Technology Collaboration Programme on Energy Efficient End-use Equipment (4E)
4E Evaluation Guidebook – Overview
Summary of the 4E Energy Efficiency Appliance and Equipment Standards and Labelling Programmes Evaluation Guidebook.
4E Evaluation Guidebook
The 4E Evaluation Guidebook is intended to assist impact evaluations of equipment energy efficiency standards and labelling (EES&L) programmes. It explains the methodologies that are proven to deliver robust and credible evaluations within five key steps.
Policy Guidelines for Motor Driven Units, Part 2 – Chinese
This report, available in Chinese, proposes policy options for the international alignment of technical standards and minimum energy performance standards for pumps, fans and compressors.
Policy Guidelines for Motor Driven Units, Part 1 – Chinese
This report, available in Chinese, describes existing standards and regulations for pumps, fans and compressors.
