Welcome To The 4E Publications Area
Advancing the energy efficiency of home energy storage systems
This report explores the energy efficiency of home energy storage systems (HESS), identifies current standards available to test HESS energy efficiency performance, identifies current barriers to lifting the minimum energy efficiency of HESS, and makes recommendations to address these barriers.
Overview of Flexibility Platforms
This report examines the ability of ‘flexibility platforms’ to unlock demand flexibility from appliances in the household and commercial sectors.
Policy Brief: Application Readiness Map for Wide Bandgap (WBG) Semiconductors
This policy brief summarizes the results of the PECTA Application Readiness Map (ARM) for Wide Bandgap (WBG) Semiconductors report and describes the expected market position through to 2035. It is based on interviews with many experts and various roadmaps and can be used as a basis for deciding, which power semiconductor technology to choose.
AC/HP Test Methods 2.0: Phase 4 Findings Summary
This report provides the results of a round-robin testing across multiple international laboratories to evaluate the reproducibility and representativeness of a new 4E TCP Test Method for Air conditioner/Heat Pump products to better reflect real life energy performance.
Data Centre Energy Efficiency Labels
This study explores energy efficiency labels for data centres by researching and analysing existing labelling schemes and making suggestions for the characteristics of a worldwide applicable data centre energy efficiency label.
Public Data on Data Centre Energy Use
This report gathers and analyses a range of publicly available data on the energy consumed by data centres.
Cybersecurity for Demand Flexible Appliances
This report focusses on cybersecurity threats in relation to demand flexible networked appliances. It investigates current efforts to address these, and summarises the issues that policy makers should be aware of in relation to minimising cybersecurity risks.
Optimized SiC PV Inverter
This report contains a detailed comparsion between a commercially available hybrid Si/SiC and a competitive full-SiC PV converter. The main objective was to provide a fair comparison in terms of semiconductor efficiency between both solutions.
Securing Additional Energy Savings in SSL: an International Lighting Technology Roadmap
Over the past 20 years, the development and adoption of-state lighting (SSL) has led to substantial improvements in the quality and efficiency of lighting. This disruptive technology enabled a decoupling of lighting and energy consumption, whereby delivered lumens of light around the world has increased while lighting-related energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions have decreased.
Interlaboratory Comparison for Temporal Light Modulation Measurement
The 4E SSLC Platform has conducted an Interlaboratory Comparison (IC 2023) for the measurement of temporal light modulation (TLM) of solid-state lighting (SSL) products. Designed to meet proficiency testing requirements, IC 2023 compared measured TLM quantities of short-term flicker indicator (PstLM) and stroboscopic effect visibility measure (SVM, MVS), as well as three other TLM quantities, of four comparison LED lamp artefacts.
Influence of AC power supply on light flicker measurements
Accurate measurement of the short term flicker indicator is important for avoiding visible flicker and for SSL products compliance with regulations. The IC2023 Interlaboratory Comparison of temporal light modulation measurements revealed large variations depending on the laboratory-grade AC power supplies used.
Solid-State Lighting: Health Effects and Knowledge Gaps
The health effects of LED lamps and luminaires used for general lighting were reviewed by an international team of researchers working under the 4E SSLC Platform.
IC 2023 Nucleus Laboratory Comparison Report Part 1: Lamp Artefacts
This report presents a comparison and demonstration of measurement equivalency of the five Nucleus laboratories that constitute the core of Interlaboratory Comparison 2023 (IC2023). This report is Part 1, covering LED lamp artefacts used in IC 2023.
AC power supply issue for intrinsic flicker performance measurement
These comments were prepared and submitted to Members of three Expert Working Groups investigating temporal light modulation: CIE TC 2-89, IEC TC34 WG5 and IES LM-90 WG.
DC Wallbox Pre Scoping Study
The 4E PECTA DC-Wallbox pre-scoping study aims to enhance understanding of DC-Wallboxes and pro-vides an overview of the current DC charging market, emphasizing the efficiencies of commercially avail-able chargers across different power levels.
IEA 4E Smart Sustainability in Lighting and Controls (SSLC) Platform: A New Term Focused on Smart Lighting Systems, 2024 to 2029
IEA 4E Smart Sustainability in Lighting and Controls (SSLC) Platform: A New Term Focused on Smart Lighting Systems, 2024 to 2029.
Solid State Lighting: Review of Health Effects
This report offers a comprehensive review of the scientific knowledge acquired in the course of the last ten years on the effects of solid state light on human health.
Policy Brief – Digitalisation in electric motor driven systems: key findings from four reports
This Policy Brief summarises the key findings of four recent EMSA publications on digitalisation in electric motor systems.
SSLC Platform Overview for BRICS-ISA Conference in Shenzhen, China
IEA 4E Smart Sustainability in Lighting and Controls (SSLC) Platform: A New Term Focused on Smart Lighting Systems, 2024 to 2029 Michael Scholand, L.C., Deputy Manager (presenting)
Digitalisation in electric motor systems – Part II: Technical recommendations for industrial end-users
In this publication, EMSA provides recommendations for industrial end-users on how to digitalise their motor systems.
