Publications

Welcome To The 4E Publications Area

Policy Brief: Wide Bandgap Industrial Variable Speed Drives Research Roadmap

This Policy Brief highlights the importance of wide bandgap power semiconductors in industrial variable speed drives and introduces the Research Roadmap developed by EMSA in cooperation with PECTA. The Research Roadmap aims to facilitate the adoption of this new technology by addressing key challenges with dedicated research topics over the course of the next few years.

Download

Policy Brief: Wide Bandgap Industrial Variable Speed Drives Research Roadmap

This Policy Brief highlights the importance of wide bandgap power semiconductors in industrial variable speed drives and introduces the Research Roadmap developed by EMSA in cooperation with PECTA. The Research Roadmap aims to facilitate the adoption of this new technology by addressing key challenges with dedicated research topics over the course of the next few years.

Download

Product Policy Framework for Demand Side Flexibility: Case Studies

This report is a compilation of case studies mapping the status of residential product flexibility in seven jurisdictions using the EDNA Product Policy Framework for Demand Side Flexibility.  The report aims to test the effectiveness of the framework for mapping product policy and to collate approaches across a range of jurisdictions. 

Download

Analysis of PstLM and stroboscopic visibility measure variations due to different measurement conditions

Temporal Light Artifacts (TLAs) are undesired visual perceptual effects, caused by Temporal Light Modulations (TLMs), which commonly exist in lighting systems, especially LED lighting systems. Accurate measurement of TLM and evaluation of TLA metrics, specifically the stroboscopic visibility measure (SVM) and the short-term flicker indicator (PstLM), are required by certain product safety regulations with limit values specified.

Download

Residential HEMS and controllers

This report investigates the global home energy management system (HEMS) market addressing key questions about existing products, market penetration, product categories, interoperability, and relevant policies.   

Download

Advancing the energy efficiency of home energy storage systems

This report explores the energy efficiency of home energy storage systems (HESS), identifies current standards available to test HESS energy efficiency performance, identifies current barriers to lifting the minimum energy efficiency of HESS, and makes recommendations to address these barriers.

Download

Policy Brief: Application Readiness Map for Wide Bandgap (WBG) Semiconductors

This policy brief summarizes the results of the PECTA Application Readiness Map (ARM) for Wide Bandgap (WBG) Semiconductors report and describes the expected market position through to 2035. It is based on interviews with many experts and various roadmaps and can be used as a basis for deciding, which power semiconductor technology to choose.

Download

AC/HP Test Methods 2.0: Phase 4 Findings Summary

This report provides the results of a round-robin testing across multiple international laboratories to evaluate the reproducibility and representativeness of a new 4E TCP Test Method for Air conditioner/Heat Pump products to better reflect real life energy performance.

Download

Data Centre Energy Efficiency Labels

This study explores energy efficiency labels for data centres by researching and analysing existing labelling schemes and making suggestions for the characteristics of a worldwide applicable data centre energy efficiency label.

Download

Cybersecurity for Demand Flexible Appliances

This report focusses on cybersecurity threats in relation to demand flexible networked appliances.  It investigates current efforts to address these, and summarises the issues that policy makers should be aware of in relation to minimising cybersecurity risks.

Download

Optimized SiC PV Inverter

This report contains a detailed comparsion between a commercially available hybrid Si/SiC and a competitive full-SiC PV converter. The main objective was to provide a fair comparison in terms of semiconductor efficiency between both solutions.

Download

Securing Additional Energy Savings in SSL: an International Lighting Technology Roadmap

Over the past 20 years, the development and adoption of-state lighting (SSL) has led to substantial improvements in the quality and efficiency of lighting. This disruptive technology enabled a decoupling of lighting and energy consumption, whereby delivered lumens of light around the world has increased while lighting-related energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions have decreased.

Download

Interlaboratory Comparison for Temporal Light Modulation Measurement

The 4E SSLC Platform has conducted an Interlaboratory Comparison (IC 2023) for the measurement of temporal light modulation (TLM) of solid-state lighting (SSL) products. Designed to meet proficiency testing requirements, IC 2023 compared measured TLM quantities of short-term flicker indicator (PstLM) and stroboscopic effect visibility measure (SVM, MVS), as well as three other TLM quantities, of four comparison LED lamp artefacts.

Download

Influence of AC power supply on light flicker measurements

Accurate measurement of the short term flicker indicator is important for avoiding visible flicker and for SSL products compliance with regulations. The IC2023 Interlaboratory Comparison of temporal light modulation measurements revealed large variations depending on the laboratory-grade AC power supplies used.

Download