Publications Library
The CDA Centre of Excellence is one of the key projects conceived by the Connected Devices Alliance (CDA). The Centre’s publications library aims to increase the understanding of energy saving opportunities and best practices that can be attained by networked devices and the networks in which they operate.
Publications hosted on the Centre of Excellence are independent, authoritative and intended to inform energy efficiency policy development. The primary audience includes governments, industry, academics and NGOs.
All documents posted on the Centre of Excellence have been subject to a brief review process and judged to be useful and appropriate. The Centre welcomes further submissions – please click on the Submit Papers button below:
Ericsson Mobility Report
Describes the evolution towards the Networked Society, of IoT and other connected ICT equipment. It includes historic and future projections of device connectivity. Updated regularly at http://www.ericsson.com/mobility-report
The Energy Impacts of Smart Speakers and Video Streaming Devices
Examines the energy use of smart speakers and video streaming devices, and the potential for smart speakers, linked to a television, to cause television standby power to increase significantly
Digital roadmap for district heating & cooling
Offers insights on how digitalisation impacts the district heating & cooling industry, showcases the state of the art, identifies barriers and presents objectives, targets and recommendations for the digitalisation of district heating and cooling.
Digitalisation: Opportunities for Heating and cooling
This EU Joint Research Centre Technical Report looks at the technologies, opportunities and challenges presented by digitalisation for heating and cooling. The report provides
IEA Energy Efficiency Market Report 2018
Energy Efficiency 2018 is the annual global tracker of energy efficiency trends and indicators. The 2018 report contains an overview of demand-response-ready devices. Energy efficiency stands at a crossroads today
Laying Down the Foundation: Roadmap for Energy Savings through Advancements in Smart Building Technologies
This ACEEE conference paper presents an R&D roadmap for advancements in monitoring and control technologies for
Potential of Energy Aware Devices
Swiss study of “energy aware devices” – devices which measure or estimate their own energy consumption. The study expands the concept of energy awareness to include forecasting device energy use and receiving external control commands
Analysis of potential for IoT to act as an enabler for climate protection and the Swiss Energy Strategy 2050
Investigates 4 Swiss use cases for implementation of IoT equipment to act as an enabler for climate protection and the Swiss Energy
CEER Report on Smart Technology Development
Identifies emerging trends and technologies, and assesses the need for regulation, focussing on smart home technologies, IoT, electricity self-generation and storage, EV charging stations/vehicles and
Energy Impacts of Smart Home Technologies
ACEEE report focussing on the energy-saving potential of smart home technologies in utility- sponsored energy efficiency and demand response programs
Intelligent Efficiency – A Case Study of Barriers and Solutions – Smart Homes
This EDNA/CDA report seeks to improve policy makers’ understanding of Intelligent Efficiency, by describing a concrete example – Smart Homes. The case study examines the barriers
Is staying online costing the earth?
This UK Government report aims to support debate around the UK’s digital future It sets out areas where researchers, companies and governments can act to harness the substantial opportunities the Internet offers to reduce our carbon footprint and ensure
Resource efficiency, privacy and security by design: A first experience on enterprise servers and data storage products …
This article proposes a novel approach to combining resource efficiency and data protection and cybersecurity issues, taking
Digitalization and Energy
This flagship IEA report seeks to provide clarity for decision makers on what digitalization means for energy – shining a light on both its enormous potential and most pressing challenges. We are finding that digitalization is becoming increasingly important to a wide
Using Intelligent Efficiency to Collect and Analyze Nonenergy Benefits Information
This ACEEE paper assesses smart technologies that are likely to be able to collect data for use in quantifying the non-energy benefits of energy efficiency (e.g. productivity)
IEA Energy Efficiency Market Report 2017
The IEA Energy Efficiency Market Report 2017 includes significant information on household connected devices, their costs and benefits, as well as barriers to market growth. The Efficient World Scenario shows that there is significant potential to broaden
For sustainable digital transformation in Sweden – a Digital Strategy
This strategy outlines the focus of the Swedish Government’s digital policy, aimed at sustainable digital transformation in Sweden. The overall objective is for Sweden
Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Methodology, 2016–2021
CISCO forecast for global internet traffic including an explanation of the methodology. The Cisco Visual Networking Index Forecast methodology has been developed based on a combination of analyst projections, in-house estimates and forecasts, and direct data collection
Should the next standby power target be 0-watt?
Examines a new strategy for further reductions in standby, the “Standzero” option, which encourages electrical products to operate without relying on mains-supplied electricity.
Technology Assessment of Internet of Things
Technology Assessment of the internet of things inlcuding privacy, security, safety and other issues. As IoT technologies are embedded in a growing number of devices and applications
Benefits and risks of smart home technologies
This UK paper presents the results of a UK survey which characterises the perceived benefits and risks of smart home technologies
PoE Lighting System Energy Reporting Study
This study is the first of a multi-part effort to explore the energy reporting capability of commercially-marketed PoE connected lighting systems
Smart Buildings: Using Smart Technology to Save Energy in Existing Buildings
Examines cost-effective energy savings that smart buildings can achieve. Describes the functions and applications of smart technologies in existing commercial buildings, how they differ
Fostering The Advancement Of The Internet Of Things (USA)
US Government strategy for the Internet of Things (IoT). The prospectivebenefits of IoT to personal convenience,public safety, efficiency, and the environment are clear
CDA Design & Policy Principles for Energy Efficient Connected Devices (version October 2016 including definitions)
Developed by the Connected Devices Alliance, these principles address the energy efficiency of network-connected devices
Energy Aware Devices – Study of Policy Opportunities
“Energy aware” devices refers to a set of technologies that can self-report their own energy-consumption. This report presents information and analysis of policy and program opportunities to encourage energy aware devices
Smart Lighting – New Features Impacting Energy Consumption – First Status Report
This report of the IEA-4E Solid State Lighting Annex focuses on residential smart lighting, with identification and measurement of energy consumption (such as standby power) associated with the new features incorporated into these products
2015 Annual Report – Voluntary Agreement for Ongoing Improvement to the Energy Efficiency of Set-Top Boxes
This third annual report provides a summary of developments for the previous calendar year, for the US Voluntary Agreement for
2015 Annual Report – Voluntary Agreement for Ongoing Improvement to the Energy Efficiency of Small Network Equipment
This third annual report provides a summary of developments for the previous calendar year, for the US Voluntary Agreement for
Smart Technologies and Connected Products: Early Adopter Toys or Gateways to Energy Savings?
Investigates the potential energy and cost savings of a variety of smart home technologies, including lighting, HVAC, appliances
Energy Efficiency of the Internet of Things – EDNA Policy Options Report
Extension of 4E EDNA study to investigate the network standby power of IoT devices. This report further assesses IoT communications technologies and related standardization
Network Connected Audio Products – Measurements and Analysis of Network Standby Consumption
4E EDNA study which examines the standby energy used by connected audio products
Scoping of Intelligent Efficiency Measurement
Communicates the results of a scoping exercise undertaken by the Connected Devices Alliance, to scope measurement methodologies for quantifying the energy savings from real-world intelligent
United States Data Center Energy Usage Report
This LBNL report estimates historical data center electricity consumption back to 2000, relying on previous studies and historical shipment data, and forecasts consumption out to 2020 based on new trends and the most recent data available.
Are there limits to growth in data traffic?: On time use, data generation and speed
This discussion paper considers the nature of growth in data traffic across the Internet, as a basis for asking whether and how such growth might be limited in order to conserve energy
Demand DC – Accelerating the Introduction of DC Power in the Home
CLASP paper which provides a glimpse into use of direct current power supplies in commercial and residential buildings, to power a range of equipment including connected lighting
Energy Efficiency of the Internet of Things – Technical Report
This IEA-4E EDNA report provides an overview of the market for key Internet of Things (IoT) products and their impact on worldwide energy consumption. It describes the potential for energy savings
Energy Efficiency of the Internet of Things – Policy Brief
This IEA-4E EDNA policy brief synthesizes key insights from the EDNA IoT report of the same name. The report focuses on mains-connected end-use devices deployed in Smart Lighting
Energy Savings from Five Home Automation Technologies – A Scoping Study of Technical Potential
This report by the Consumer Technology Association analyses the energy saving potential of a range of home automation
Own Energy Consumption of Smart Metering Infrastructure and Energy Monitoring Systems
This IEA-4E EDNA technical report explores parasitic energy use of smart meters and energy monitoring systems
Advancing The Internet Of Things In Europe (European Commission Working Document)
European Commission Strategy for the Internet of Things (IoT) (Draft). The Internet of Things (IoT) represents the next major economic and societal innovation wave enabled by the Internet. With the IoT, any physical
Home Appliance Connectivity – Limitless Potential
This AHAM white paper outlines the benefits and challenges presented by connected, “smart” appliances. It examines topics such as energy efficiency, smart grid, safety, privacy and security
Data Model Needs for Building Device Interoperation
Examines the development of a suitable single data model for building interoperability, including how numerical information and other data from sensors and devices could be described in a standard way.
How ICT will change the MVE of Energy Efficiency Programs?
This ACEEE report analyses the potential of ICT technologies to change the way energy efficiency program administrators conduct evaluation, measurement, and verification (EM&V) on their
Indian Draft Policy on Internet of Things
Indian Government strategy for the Internet of Things (IoT) (Draft). The digital space has witnessed major transformations in the last couple of years and as per industry experts would continue to evolve itself. The latest entrant to the digital space is the Internet
Development of ICT-Related Electricity Demand in Germany (German language)
This report (in German language) studies the development of ICT-related electricity demand in Germany. The electrical energy demand of information and communication technology (ICT) has risen
Opportunities for Home Energy Management Systems in Advancing Residential Energy Efficiency Programs
This report by Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships (NEEP) demonstrates the potential for HEMS as an evolving avenue to
Electricity Consumption in the ICT Layer in Smart Grids (English executive summary)
This is an English language executive summary of a French report commissioned by ADEME, examining the energy consumption of ICT equipment in smart grids. Link to full report
GeSI SMARTer2030: ICT Solutions for 21st Century Challenges
Executive Summary, by the Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI). Examines the potential of ICT technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Smart homes, control and energy management: How do smart home technologies in uence control …
This ECEEE Summer Study paper presents the results of a smart home field trial of 4 homes. It examines how householders
Not so clever when they are off – standby power use in smart lamps
Presents the results of laboratory research looking at active mode and standby mode energy use of 11 commercially available smart lamp models
USmartConsumer: real-time smart meter feedback to kick-start consumer interest
A review of results from a trial in the Netherlands. Shares practical lessons on consumer experiences and favourable conditions for market actors. Examines issues such as direct energy use
The Internet Of Things: Mapping The Value Beyond The Hype
McKinsey Report which examines how IoT applications create value for a range of sectors. Focuses on actual “use cases” and estimates potential value using a settings perspective
ICT-Enabled Intelligent Efficiency: Shifting from Device-Specific Approaches to System Optima
Explores new and emerging perspectives on ways to harness significantly greater energy productivity improvements by building
Home Idle Load: Devices Wasting Huge Amounts of Electricity When Not in Active Use
This NRDC report assesses the impact of the growing cohort of always-on devices on consumer utility bills. Combines an analysis
The Energy Efficiency and Productivity Benefits of Smart Appliances and ICT-Enabled Networks
Presents a series of thought experiments to indicate economic impacts that might follow from an accelerated deployment of
Faster, Cheaper, Better – Can Utilities Keep Up? New EM&V and Program Approaches for Smart Connected Devices
Explores new EM&V approaches, including results from analysis of field data from residential connected thermostats, digital lighting
Monitoring Real World Usage of Network Connected Products in the Home
Paper by Nicole Kearney and Geoff Bellingham. This paper proposes recommendations to policy makers based on a real time data collection exercise carried out in the UK, to analyze the
Characterization Study of Connected Equipment
This US characterization framework document proposes a draft plan for how to develop characterization protocols for connected buildings, end-use appliances and equipment
Smart Freight: Applications of Information and Communications Technologies to Freight System Efficiency
This paper discusses applications of ICT to save energy by improving the efficiency of freight vehicle operation, making better use of the
The Energy Savings Potential of Smart Manufacturing, Report IE 1403
Analyses the features and benefits of intelligent efficiency, for use in the industrial sector. By the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE)
Korean Master Plan for Building the Internet of Things
Korean Government strategy for the Internet of Things (IoT). Master Plan for Building the Internet of Things (IoT) that leads the hyper-connected, digital revolution
Beyond Network Standby – A Policy Framework And Action Plan For Low Energy Networks
Examines a range of issues that are critical in understanding how networks operate and how products that are connected to a
Appliances Get Smart – but How and When?
Report by CLASP. Smart appliances have been just around the corner for over two decades. This paper examines why smartness in appliances is so elusive, and reviews recent developments which might finally bring us smartness we can use
Intelligent Efficiency: Opportunities, Barriers, and Solutions
This ACEEE paper defines Intelligent Efficiency and investigates its potential to save energy. Several case studies are described and an economic analysis conducted. Barriers and needs at the national
Power Requirements for Functions
This IEA-4E report examines equipment secondary functions in order to further quantify their power requirements and provide the technical background for policy. Consumer electronics and appliances are increasingly designed and produced to provide
The Power Of Wireless Cloud
An analysis of the impact on energy consumption of the growing popularity of accessing cloud services via wireless devices. By the Centre for Energy Efficient Telecommunications. The writing of this document was motivated by the explosive growth we are now
Leading by Example 2.0: How Information and Communication Technologies Help Achieve Federal Sustainability Goals
Highlights initial progress in adopting ICT across the US federal government, to meeting sustainability goals. Draws from the 2012
Energy Saving in Society by IT Solutions – How to Quantify the Contribution of “Green by IT”
Summarises currently available methods for calculating the effects of “Green by IT”. By the Japanese Green IT Promotion Council
GeSI SMARTer 2020: The Role of ICT in Driving a Sustainable Future
Presents a vision for a sustainable world through responsible, ICT– enabled transformation. By the Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI)
Leading by Example: Using Information and Communication Technologies to Achieve Federal Sustainability Goals
Presents 8 case studies highlighting how the US federal government is using ICT solutions to achieve sustainability goals. By the Center
Intelligent Efficiency – the Next Generation of Energy Efficiency
This ACEEE paper defines intelligent efficiency and provides specific case studies to illustrate its impact. Focused on manufacturing sector, but examples included from commercial buildings
A Defining Framework for Intelligent Efficiency, Report E125
Outlines a paradigm for describing intelligent efficiency, and presents a number for case studies. By the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE)
Energy Reporting on Networks
Documents progress by the Internet Engineering Task Force to establish a protocol for self-reporting energy information by devices and equipment. By Bruce Nordman for the Australian Government Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency
Evaluating the carbon-reducing impacts of ICT
This GeSI report develops an approach to methodology and standards for measuring the carbon footprint of the ICT sector and other industries through innovative technology
