EPE Paper – Identifying the potential of SiC technology for PV inverters
Silicon Carbide (SiC) devices offer energy efficiency improvements over conventional silicon (Si) semiconductors. Through measurements and simulation results, this paper intends to quantify this efficiency improvement in a typical photovoltaic (PV) application. This allows designers and policy makers to better understand the benefits of SiC, enabling more informed decisions.
EPE Paper – Switching losses in power devices: From dynamic on resistance to output capacitance hysteresis
In this paper, we review some of the main methods to characterize on-state and off-state losses in wide-band-gap devices under switching conditions.
EPE Paper – Measurement of WBG-based power supplies
This paper discusses different measurement methods to evaluate the efficiency of WBG-based power supply solutions, including electrical measurement methods and their verification with calorimetric methods, and compares the performance of Si-based and GaN-based chargers.
EPE Paper – Looking beyond energy efficiency – Environmental aspects and impacts of WBG devices and applications over their life cycle
The environmental aspects and impacts of wide bandgap (WBG) materials such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) in specific end-use electronic applications and products have not yet been fully investigated. The design trade-offs and comparison of WBG with classic Silicon based technology for the same applications, with a life cycle thinking perspective, are only starting to emerge.
EPE Paper – Application Readiness Map for WBG-Semiconductor-Based Applications
The Power Electronic Conversion Technology Annex (PECTA) application readiness map for Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors describes their expected market position up to 2035. It is based on interviews with many experts and different roadmaps and could be used as one basis to decide which power semiconductor technology to choose. This paper presents an updated version and the underlying assumptions.
Design Aspects and Environmental Impacts of Wide Band Gap Based Semiconductor Technology in Chargers for Electronic Devices
This paper presents the outcomes of the work from PECTA Task B, Energy and environmental related Life Cycle Assessment, conducted between January 2022 and February 2023. See more information under: https://www.iea-4e.org/pecta/tasks/. This paper focuses on the effects of incorporating GaN components for energy conversion on the product design and the resulting environmental impacts along the […]
4E Evaluation Guidebook – Overview
Summary of the 4E Energy Efficiency Appliance and Equipment Standards and Labelling Programmes Evaluation Guidebook.
4E Evaluation Guidebook
The 4E Evaluation Guidebook is intended to assist impact evaluations of equipment energy efficiency standards and labelling (EES&L) programmes. It explains the methodologies that are proven to deliver robust and credible evaluations within five key steps.
Policy Guidelines for Motor Driven Units, Part 2 – Chinese
This report, available in Chinese, proposes policy options for the international alignment of technical standards and minimum energy performance standards for pumps, fans and compressors.
Policy Guidelines for Motor Driven Units, Part 1 – Chinese
This report, available in Chinese, describes existing standards and regulations for pumps, fans and compressors.
Policies for Data Centre Energy Efficiency: Scope, Trends and Availability of Data
This report proposes a definition and characterisation of data centres, presents trends in their energy use, and analyses the availability of data which might be used as inputs to energy efficiency metrics.
Emerging Battery Technologies
This research study examines new battery technologies suited to powering small devices such as IoT, actuators and sensors, and portable devices such as mobile phones and laptops.
Round Robin of Converter Losses
This report summarises the results of the IEA 4E EMSA international Round Robin testing programme for converter losses, implemented in cooperation with IEC SC22G/WG18.
Smart Lighting – New Features Impacting Energy Consumption
Smart lamps and luminaires are common in today’s lighting market. Smart lighting provides an opportunity for the consumer to benefit from wireless control of lighting products, e.g. by dimming, colour tuning and scheduling. These functions can provide energy saving but they also require energy consumption to supply standby power and gateways.
Guide to Energy Management Protocols
This report is a guide to ‘application layer’ communications protocols used for energy management, such as those used to facilitate intelligent efficiency and demand flexibility.
Mobile Device Efficiency
This report analyses the energy use of mobile devices, compares policies and identifies policy gaps.
Standardisation for Smart Devices
This report highlights the most relevant standards in areas such as measurement of energy consumption of smart devices, and communication protocols for smart devices.
Interoperability
The objective of this study is to gain a better understanding on the issue of (a lack of) device interoperability and the resultant impact of this on Intelligent Efficiency and Demand Flexibility.
Energy Efficiency Metrics for Data Centres
This study explores the existing metrics for data centre efficiency, and identifies which metric(s) might be suited for use by policy makers.
Progressing Energy Efficiency Policies for Systems
Systems are described as the next frontier for energy efficiency policy, offering the potential to unlock huge energy savings in equipment-based energy-using systems.
In this summary we highlight some of the key findings from 4E’s investigations over several years.
